security-automation

安全自动化是提高安全运营效率的重要手段。本技能提供安全自动化的方法、工具和最佳实践。

1. 漏洞扫描

自动化扫描：

• 定期扫描
• CI/CD集成
• 结果分析
• 报告生成

2. 安全测试

自动化测试：

• 单元测试
• 集成测试
• 安全测试
• 回归测试

3. 事件响应

自动化响应：

• 事件检测
• 自动遏制
• 通知告警
• 证据收集

4. 合规检查

自动化合规：

• 配置检查
• 策略验证
• 报告生成
• 修复建议

漏洞扫描自动化

使用Nessus API：

```python

import requests

# 创建扫描

def create_scan(target, scan_name):

url = "https://nessus:8834/scans"

headers = {"X-ApiKeys": "access_key:secret_key"}

data = {

"uuid": "template-uuid",

"settings": {

"name": scan_name,

"text_targets": target

}

}

response = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)

return response.json()

# 启动扫描

def launch_scan(scan_id):

url = f"https://nessus:8834/scans/{scan_id}/launch"

headers = {"X-ApiKeys": "access_key:secret_key"}

response = requests.post(url, headers=headers)

return response.json()

```

使用OpenVAS API：

```python

from gvm.connections import UnixSocketConnection

from gvm.protocols.gmp import Gmp

# 连接OpenVAS

connection = UnixSocketConnection()

gmp = Gmp(connection)

gmp.authenticate('username', 'password')

# 创建扫描任务

target = gmp.create_target(name='target', hosts=['192.168.1.0/24'])

config = gmp.get_configs()[0]

scanner = gmp.get_scanners()[0]

task = gmp.create_task(

name='scan_task',

config_id=config['id'],

target_id=target['id'],

scanner_id=scanner['id']

)

# 启动扫描

gmp.start_task(task['id'])

```

CI/CD集成

Jenkins Pipeline：

```groovy

pipeline {

agent any

stages {

stage('Security Scan') {

steps {

sh 'npm audit'

sh 'snyk test'

sh 'sonar-scanner'

}

}

stage('Vulnerability Scan') {

steps {

sh 'nmap --script vuln target'

}

}

}

post {

always {

publishHTML([

reportDir: 'reports',

reportFiles: 'report.html',

reportName: 'Security Report'

])

}

}

}

```

GitHub Actions：

```yaml

name: Security Scan

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:

security-scan:

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

steps:

- uses: actions/checkout@v2

- name: Run Snyk

uses: snyk/actions/node@master

env:

SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}

- name: Run SonarQube

uses: sonarsource/sonarqube-scan-action@master

env:

SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}

```

安全测试自动化

使用OWASP ZAP：

```python

from zapv2 import ZAPv2

# 启动ZAP

zap = ZAPv2(proxies={'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'})

# 开始扫描

zap.urlopen('http://target.com')

zap.spider.scan('http://target.com')

while int(zap.spider.status()) < 100:

time.sleep(1)

# 主动扫描

zap.ascan.scan('http://target.com')

while int(zap.ascan.status()) < 100:

time.sleep(1)

# 获取结果

alerts = zap.core.alerts()

```

使用Burp Suite：

```python

from burp import IBurpExtender, IScannerCheck

class BurpExtender(IBurpExtender, IScannerCheck):

def registerExtenderCallbacks(self, callbacks):

self._callbacks = callbacks

self._helpers = callbacks.getHelpers()

callbacks.setExtensionName("Security Automation")

callbacks.registerScannerCheck(self)

def doPassiveScan(self, baseRequestResponse):

# 被动扫描逻辑

return None

def doActiveScan(self, baseRequestResponse, insertionPoint):

# 主动扫描逻辑

return None

```

事件响应自动化

使用Splunk：

```python

import splunklib.client as client

# 连接Splunk

service = client.connect(

host='splunk.example.com',

port=8089,

username='admin',

password='password'

)

# 搜索安全事件

search_query = 'index=security event_type="malware"'

kwargs = {"earliest_time": "-1h", "latest_time": "now"}

search = service.jobs.create(search_query, **kwargs)

# 处理结果

for result in search:

if result['severity'] == 'high':

# 自动响应

send_alert(result)

isolate_system(result['host'])

```

使用ELK Stack：

```python

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

# 连接Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(['localhost:9200'])

# 搜索安全事件

query = {

"query": {

"match": {

"event_type": "intrusion"

}

}

}

results = es.search(index="security", body=query)

# 自动响应

for hit in results['hits']['hits']:

if hit['_source']['severity'] == 'critical':

# 自动遏制

block_ip(hit['_source']['src_ip'])

send_alert(hit['_source'])

```

漏洞扫描脚本

```python

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess

import json

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def run_nmap_scan(target):

"""运行Nmap扫描"""

result = subprocess.run(

['nmap', '--script', 'vuln', '-oJ', '-', target],

capture_output=True,

text=True

)

return json.loads(result.stdout)

def analyze_results(results):

"""分析扫描结果"""

vulnerabilities = []

for host in results.get('hosts', []):

for port in host.get('ports', []):

for script in port.get('scripts', []):

if script.get('id') == 'vuln':

vulnerabilities.append({

'host': host['address'],

'port': port['portid'],

'vuln': script.get('output', '')

})

return vulnerabilities

def send_report(vulnerabilities):

"""发送报告"""

if vulnerabilities:

msg = MIMEText(f"发现 {len(vulnerabilities)} 个漏洞")

msg['Subject'] = '漏洞扫描报告'

msg['From'] = 'security@example.com'

msg['To'] = 'admin@example.com'

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.example.com')

server.send_message(msg)

server.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':

target = '192.168.1.0/24'

results = run_nmap_scan(target)

vulnerabilities = analyze_results(results)

send_report(vulnerabilities)

```

配置检查脚本

```python

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import boto3

import json

def check_s3_buckets():

"""检查S3存储桶安全配置"""

s3 = boto3.client('s3')

buckets = s3.list_buckets()

issues = []

for bucket in buckets['Buckets']:

# 检查公开访问

try:

acl = s3.get_bucket_acl(Bucket=bucket['Name'])

for grant in acl.get('Grants', []):

if grant.get('Grantee', {}).get('URI') == 'http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers':

issues.append({

'bucket': bucket['Name'],

'issue': 'Public access enabled'

})

except:

pass

# 检查加密

try:

encryption = s3.get_bucket_encryption(Bucket=bucket['Name'])

except:

issues.append({

'bucket': bucket['Name'],

'issue': 'Encryption not enabled'

})

return issues

if __name__ == '__main__':

issues = check_s3_buckets()

print(json.dumps(issues, indent=2))

```

1. 自动化策略

• 识别可自动化场景
• 制定自动化计划
• 逐步实施
• 持续改进

2. 工具选择

• 评估工具功能
• 考虑集成性
• 考虑成本
• 测试验证

3. 流程设计

• 明确流程步骤
• 定义触发条件
• 设置异常处理
• 记录操作日志

4. 监控和维护

• 监控自动化任务
• 定期检查结果
• 更新规则和脚本
• 优化性能

• 确保自动化准确性
• 设置适当的权限
• 保护自动化凭证
• 定期审查自动化规则