🎯

rust-macro

🎯Skill

from huiali/rust-skills

What it does

Generates and manipulates Rust macros, handling declarative macros, derive macros, and procedural macros for metaprogramming and code generation.

📦

Part of

huiali/rust-skills(30 items)

rust-macro

Installation

📋 No install commands found in docs. Showing default command. Check GitHub for actual instructions.

Quick InstallInstall with npx

npx skills add huiali/rust-skills --skill rust-macro

Need more details? View full documentation on GitHub →

3Installs

AddedFeb 4, 2026

View on GitHub Back to Skills

Skill Details

SKILL.md

"宏与过程元编程专家。处理 macro_rules!, derive, proc-macro, 泛型宏、编译时计算等问题。触发词：macro, derive, proc-macro, macro_rules, 宏, 过程宏, 编译时计算"

Overview

# 宏与过程元编程

核心问题

如何减少重复代码？什么时候用宏，什么时候用泛型？

宏是编译时代码生成，泛型是运行时多态。

---

宏 vs 泛型

| 维度 | 宏 | 泛型 |

|-----|-----|-----|

| 灵活性 | 代码转换 | 类型抽象 |

| 编译开销 | 增量编译友好 | 单态化开销 |

| 错误信息 | 可能难懂 | 清晰 |

| 调试 | 调试宏展开代码 | 直接调试 |

| 使用场景 | 减少样板 | 通用算法 |

---

declarative macros (macro_rules!)

基本结构

```rust

macro_rules! my_vec {

() => {

Vec::new()

};

($($elem:expr),*) => {

vec![$($elem),*]

};

($elem:expr; $n:expr) => {

vec![$elem; $n]

};

}

```

重复模式

| 标记 | 含义 |

|-----|------|

| $() | 匹配零个或多个 |

| $($x),* | 以逗号分隔 |

| $($x),+ | 至少一个 |

| $x:ty | 类型匹配 |

| $x:expr | 表达式匹配 |

| $x:pat | 模式匹配 |

---

派生宏 (derive macro)

实现简单 derive

```rust

use proc_macro::TokenStream;

#[proc_macro_derive(MyDerive)]

pub fn my_derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {

let input = syn::parse_macro_input!(input as syn::DeriveInput);

let name = &input.ident;

let expanded = quote::quote! {

impl MyDerive for #name {

fn my_method(&self) -> String {

format!("Hello from {}", stringify!(#name))

}

};

expanded.into()

}

```

使用

```rust

#[derive(MyDerive)]

struct MyStruct {

field: i32,

}

```

---

函数式过程宏

```rust

#[proc_macro]

pub fn my_func_macro(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {

// 转换输入

let tokens = input.into_iter().collect::>();

// 生成代码

quote::quote! { / ... / }.into()

}

```

---

调试宏

```bash

# 查看宏展开结果

cargo expand

cargo expand --test test_name

```

---

最佳实践

| 做法 | 原因 |

|-----|------|

| 先用泛型 | 泛型更安全、更易调试 |

| 宏保持简单 | 复杂宏难维护 |

| 文档化宏 | 用户需要理解展开行为 |

| 测试展开结果 | 确保正确性 |

| 用 cargo expand 调试 | 可视化宏展开 |

---

常用 crate

| crate | 用途 |

|-------|------|

| syn | 解析 Rust 代码 |

| quote | 生成 Rust 代码 |

| proc-macro2 | Token 处理 |

| derive-more | 常用 derive 宏 |

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