write-concept

• Creating a new concept page in /docs/concepts/
• Rewriting or significantly improving an existing concept page
• Reviewing an existing concept page for quality and completeness
• Adding explanatory content to a concept

Remember: the reader might be someone who has never coded before or is just learning JavaScript. Write with empathy for beginners while still providing depth for intermediate developers. Make complex topics feel approachable and never assume prior knowledge without linking to prerequisites.

Voice and Tone

• Conversational but authoritative: Write like you're explaining to a smart friend
• Encouraging: Make complex topics feel approachable
• Practical: Focus on real-world applications and use cases
• Concise: Respect the reader's time; avoid unnecessary verbosity
• Question-driven: Open sections with questions the reader might have

Avoiding AI-Generated Language

Your writing must sound human, not AI-generated. Here are specific patterns to avoid:

#### Words and Phrases to Avoid

| ❌ Avoid | ✓ Use Instead |

|----------|---------------|

| "Master [concept]" | "Learn [concept]" |

| "dramatically easier/better" | "much easier" or "cleaner" |

| "one fundamental thing" | "one simple thing" |

| "one of the most important concepts" | "This is a big one" |

| "essential points" | "key things to remember" |

| "understanding X deeply improves" | "knowing X well makes Y easier" |

| "To truly understand" | "Let's look at" or "Here's how" |

| "This is crucial" | "This trips people up" |

| "It's worth noting that" | Just state the thing directly |

| "It's important to remember" | "Don't forget:" or "Remember:" |

| "In order to" | "To" |

| "Due to the fact that" | "Because" |

| "At the end of the day" | Remove entirely |

| "When it comes to" | Remove or rephrase |

| "In this section, we will" | Just start explaining |

| "As mentioned earlier" | Remove or link to the section |

#### Repetitive Emphasis Patterns

Don't use the same lead-in pattern repeatedly. Vary your emphasis:

| Instead of repeating... | Vary with... |

|------------------------|--------------|

| "Key insight:" | "Don't forget:", "The pattern:", "Here's the thing:" |

| "Best practice:" | "Pro tip:", "Quick check:", "A good habit:" |

| "Important:" | "Watch out:", "Heads up:", "Note:" |

| "Remember:" | "Keep in mind:", "The rule:", "Think of it this way:" |

#### Em Dash (—) Overuse

AI-generated text overuses em dashes. Limit their use and prefer periods, commas, or colons:

| ❌ Em Dash Overuse | ✓ Better Alternative |

|-------------------|---------------------|

| "async/await — syntactic sugar that..." | "async/await. It's syntactic sugar that..." |

| "understand Promises — async/await is built..." | "understand Promises. async/await is built..." |

| "doesn't throw an error — you just get..." | "doesn't throw an error. You just get..." |

| "outside of async functions — but only in..." | "outside of async functions, but only in..." |

| "Fails fast — if any Promise rejects..." | "Fails fast. If any Promise rejects..." |

| "achieve the same thing — the choice..." | "achieve the same thing. The choice..." |

When em dashes ARE acceptable:

• In Key Takeaways section (consistent formatting for the numbered list)
• In MDN card titles (e.g., "async function — MDN")
• In interview answer step-by-step explanations (structured formatting)
• Sparingly when a true parenthetical aside reads naturally

Rule of thumb: If you have more than 10-15 em dashes in a 1500-word document outside of structured sections, you're overusing them. After writing, search for "—" and evaluate each one.

#### Superlatives and Filler Words

Avoid vague superlatives that add no information:

| ❌ Avoid | ✓ Use Instead |

|----------|---------------|

| "dramatically" | "much" or remove entirely |

| "fundamentally" | "simply" or be specific about what's fundamental |

| "incredibly" | remove or be specific |

| "extremely" | remove or be specific |

| "absolutely" | remove |

| "basically" | remove (if you need it, you're not explaining clearly) |

| "essentially" | remove or just explain directly |

| "very" | remove or use a stronger word |

| "really" | remove |

| "actually" | remove (unless correcting a misconception) |

| "In fact" | remove (just state the fact) |

| "Interestingly" | remove (let the reader decide if it's interesting) |

#### Stiff/Formal Phrases

Replace formal academic-style phrases with conversational alternatives:

| ❌ Stiff | ✓ Conversational |

|---------|------------------|

| "It should be noted that" | "Note that" or just state it |

| "One might wonder" | "You might wonder" |

| "This enables developers to" | "This lets you" |

| "The aforementioned" | "this" or name it again |

| "Subsequently" | "Then" or "Next" |

| "Utilize" | "Use" |

| "Commence" | "Start" |

| "Prior to" | "Before" |

| "In the event that" | "If" |

| "A considerable amount of" | "A lot of" or "Many" |

#### Playful Touches (Use Sparingly)

Add occasional human touches to make the content feel less robotic, but don't overdo it:

```javascript

// ✓ Good: One playful comment per section

// Callback hell - nested so deep you need a flashlight

// ✓ Good: Conversational aside

// forEach and async don't play well together — it just fires and forgets:

// ✓ Good: Relatable frustration

// Finally, error handling that doesn't make you want to flip a table.

// ❌ Bad: Trying too hard

// Callback hell - it's like a Russian nesting doll had a baby with a spaghetti monster! 🍝

// ❌ Bad: Forced humor

// Let's dive into the AMAZING world of Promises! 🎉🚀

```

Guidelines:

• One or two playful touches per major section is enough
• Humor should arise naturally from the content
• Avoid emojis in body text (they're fine in comments occasionally)
• Don't explain your jokes
• If a playful line doesn't work, just be direct instead

Page Structure (Follow This Exactly)

Every concept page MUST follow this structure in this exact order:

```mdx

---

title: "Concept Name: [Hook] in JavaScript"

sidebarTitle: "Concept Name: [Hook]"

description: "SEO-friendly description in 150-160 characters starting with action word"

---

[Opening hook - Start with engaging questions that make the reader curious]

[Example: "How does JavaScript get data from a server? How do you load user profiles, submit forms, or fetch the latest posts from an API?"]

[Immediately show a simple code example demonstrating the concept]

```javascript

// This is how you [do the thing] in JavaScript

const example = doSomething()

console.log(example) // Expected output

```

[Brief explanation connecting to what they'll learn, with [inline MDN links](https://developer.mozilla.org/...) for key terms]

What you'll learn in this guide:

• Key learning outcome 1
• Key learning outcome 2
• Key learning outcome 3
• Key learning outcome 4 (aim for 5-7 items)

[Optional: Prerequisites or important notices - place AFTER Info box]

Prerequisite: This guide assumes you understand [Related Concept](/concepts/related-concept). If you're not comfortable with that yet, read that guide first!

---

[Core explanation with inline MDN links for any new terms/APIs introduced]

[Optional: CardGroup with MDN reference links for this section]

---

[Relatable real-world analogy that makes the concept click]

[ASCII art diagram visualizing the concept]

```

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

│ DIAGRAM TITLE │

├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

│ │

│ [Visual representation of the concept] │

│ │

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

```

---

[Deep dive with code examples, tables, and Mintlify components]

Explanation of the first step

Explanation of the second step

Detailed explanation with code examples

Detailed explanation with code examples

Quick Rule of Thumb: [Memorable summary or mnemonic]

---

[How to actually use the concept in code]

Basic Usage

```javascript

// Basic example with step-by-step comments

// Step 1: Do this

const step1 = something()

// Step 2: Then this

const step2 = somethingElse(step1)

// Step 3: Finally

console.log(step2) // Expected output

```

[Advanced Pattern]

```javascript

// More complex real-world example

```

---

[Highlight the most common mistake developers make]

```

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

│ VISUAL COMPARISON │

├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

│ │

│ WRONG WAY RIGHT WAY │

│ ───────── ───────── │

│ • Problem 1 • Solution 1 │

│ • Problem 2 • Solution 2 │

│ │

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

```

```javascript

// ❌ WRONG - Explanation of why this is wrong

const bad = wrongApproach()

// ✓ CORRECT - Explanation of the right way

const good = correctApproach()

```

The Trap: [Clear explanation of what goes wrong and why]

---

[Real-world patterns and best practices]

Pattern Name

```javascript

// Reusable pattern with practical application

async function realWorldExample() {

// Implementation

}

// Usage

const result = await realWorldExample()

```

---

The key things to remember:

1. First key point — Brief explanation

1. Second key point — Brief explanation

1. Third key point — Brief explanation

1. Fourth key point — Brief explanation

1. Fifth key point — Brief explanation

[Aim for 8-10 key takeaways that summarize everything]

---

Answer:

[Clear explanation]

```javascript

// Code example demonstrating the answer

```

Answer:

[Clear explanation with code if needed]

[Aim for 5-6 questions covering the main topics]

---

How it connects to this concept

How it connects to this concept

---

Official MDN documentation for the main concept

Additional MDN reference

Brief description of what the reader will learn from this article.

[Aim for 4-6 high-quality articles]

Brief description of what the video covers.

[Aim for 3-4 quality videos]

```

---

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is critical for this project. Each concept page should rank for the various ways developers search for that concept. Our goal is to appear in search results for queries like:

• "what is [concept] in JavaScript"
• "how does [concept] work in JavaScript"
• "[concept] JavaScript explained"
• "[concept] JavaScript tutorial"
• "JavaScript [concept] example"

Every writing decision — from title to structure to word choice — should consider search intent.

---

Target Keywords for Each Concept

Each concept page targets a keyword cluster — the family of related search queries. Before writing, identify these for your concept:

| Keyword Type | Pattern | Example (DOM) |

|--------------|---------|---------------|

| Primary | [concept] + JavaScript | "DOM JavaScript", "JavaScript DOM" |

| What is | what is [concept] in JavaScript | "what is the DOM in JavaScript" |

| How does | how does [concept] work | "how does the DOM work in JavaScript" |

| How to | how to [action] with [concept] | "how to manipulate the DOM" |

| Tutorial | [concept] tutorial/guide/explained | "DOM tutorial JavaScript" |

| Comparison | [concept] vs [related] | "DOM vs virtual DOM" |

More Keyword Cluster Examples:

| Type | Keywords |

|------|----------|

| Primary | "JavaScript closures", "closures in JavaScript" |

| What is | "what is a closure in JavaScript", "what are closures" |

| How does | "how do closures work in JavaScript", "how closures work" |

| Why use | "why use closures JavaScript", "closure use cases" |

| Example | "JavaScript closure example", "closure examples" |

| Interview | "closure interview questions JavaScript" |

| Type | Keywords |

|------|----------|

| Primary | "JavaScript Promises", "Promises in JavaScript" |

| What is | "what is a Promise in JavaScript", "what are Promises" |

| How does | "how do Promises work", "how Promises work JavaScript" |

| How to | "how to use Promises", "how to chain Promises" |

| Comparison | "Promises vs callbacks", "Promises vs async await" |

| Error | "Promise error handling", "Promise catch" |

| Type | Keywords |

|------|----------|

| Primary | "JavaScript event loop", "event loop JavaScript" |

| What is | "what is the event loop in JavaScript" |

| How does | "how does the event loop work", "how event loop works" |

| Visual | "event loop explained", "event loop visualization" |

| Related | "call stack and event loop", "task queue JavaScript" |

| Type | Keywords |

|------|----------|

| Primary | "JavaScript call stack", "call stack JavaScript" |

| What is | "what is the call stack in JavaScript" |

| How does | "how does the call stack work" |

| Error | "call stack overflow JavaScript", "maximum call stack size exceeded" |

| Visual | "call stack explained", "call stack visualization" |

---

Title Tag Optimization

The frontmatter has two title fields:

• title — The page's