| Category | Skills | Primary Tools | Description |
|----------|--------|---------------|-------------|
| sequence-io | 9 | Bio.SeqIO | Read, write, convert FASTA/FASTQ/GenBank and 40+ formats |
| sequence-manipulation | 7 | Bio.Seq, Bio.SeqUtils | Transcription, translation, motif search, sequence properties |
| database-access | 10 | Bio.Entrez, BLAST+, SRA toolkit, UniProt API | NCBI/UniProt queries, SRA downloads, BLAST, homology searches |
| alignment-files | 9 | samtools, pysam | SAM/BAM/CRAM viewing, sorting, filtering, statistics, validation |
| variant-calling | 13 | bcftools, cyvcf2, Manta, Delly, VEP, SnpEff | VCF/BCF calling, SVs, filtering, annotation, clinical interpretation |
| alignment | 4 | Bio.Align, Bio.AlignIO | Pairwise and multiple sequence alignment, MSA statistics, alignment I/O |
| phylogenetics | 5 | Bio.Phylo, IQ-TREE2, RAxML-ng | Tree I/O, visualization, ML inference with model selection, ultrafast bootstrap |
| differential-expression | 6 | DESeq2, edgeR, ggplot2, pheatmap | RNA-seq differential expression, visualization, batch correction |
| structural-biology | 6 | Bio.PDB, ESMFold, Chai-1 | PDB/mmCIF parsing, SMCRA navigation, geometric analysis, ML structure prediction |
| single-cell | 14 | Seurat, Scanpy, Pertpy, Cassiopeia, MeboCost | scRNA-seq QC, clustering, trajectory, communication, annotation, perturb-seq, lineage tracing, metabolite communication |
| pathway-analysis | 6 | clusterProfiler, ReactomePA, rWikiPathways, enrichplot | GO, KEGG, Reactome, WikiPathways enrichment |
| restriction-analysis | 4 | Bio.Restriction | Restriction sites, mapping, enzyme selection |
| methylation-analysis | 4 | Bismark, methylKit, bsseq | Bisulfite alignment, methylation calling, DMRs |
| chip-seq | 7 | MACS3, ChIPseeker, DiffBind | Peak calling, annotation, differential binding, motifs, QC, super-enhancers |
| metagenomics | 7 | Kraken2, MetaPhlAn, Bracken, HUMAnN | Taxonomic classification, abundance estimation, functional profiling, AMR detection |
| long-read-sequencing | 8 | Dorado, minimap2, Clair3, modkit, IsoSeq3 | Basecalling, alignment, polishing, variant calling, SV calling, methylation, Iso-Seq |
| read-qc | 7 | FastQC, MultiQC, fastp, Trimmomatic, Cutadapt | Quality reports, adapter trimming, filtering, UMIs |
| genome-intervals | 7 | BEDTools, pybedtools, pyBigWig | BED/GTF operations, interval arithmetic, bedGraph, bigWig |
| population-genetics | 6 | PLINK, FlashPCA2, ADMIXTURE, scikit-allel | GWAS, biobank-scale PCA, admixture, selection statistics |
| rna-quantification | 4 | featureCounts, Salmon, kallisto, tximport | Gene/transcript quantification, count matrix QC |
| read-alignment | 4 | bwa-mem2, bowtie2, STAR, HISAT2 | Short-read alignment for DNA and RNA-seq |
| expression-matrix | 4 | pandas, anndata, scanpy, biomaRt | Count matrix handling, gene ID mapping |
| copy-number | 4 | CNVkit, GATK | CNV detection, visualization, annotation |
| phasing-imputation | 4 | Beagle, SHAPEIT5, bcftools | Haplotype phasing, genotype imputation |
| atac-seq | 6 | MACS3, DiffBind, chromVAR, TOBIAS | ATAC-seq peaks, differential accessibility, footprinting, TF motif deviation |
| genome-assembly | 8 | SPAdes, Flye, hifiasm, QUAST, BUSCO | Assembly, polishing, scaffolding, quality assessment |
| primer-design | 3 | primer3-py | PCR primer design, qPCR probes, validation |
| spatial-transcriptomics | 11 | Squidpy, SpatialData, Scanpy, scimap | Visium, Xenium, Slide-seq, spatial stats, domain detection, deconvolution, spatial proteomics |
| hi-c-analysis | 8 | cooler, cooltools, pairtools, HiCExplorer | Contact matrices, compartments, TADs, loops, differential |
| alternative-splicing | 6 | rMATS-turbo, SUPPA2, IsoformSwitchAnalyzeR | Splicing quantification, differential splicing, isoform switching, sashimi visualization |
| chemoinformatics | 7 | RDKit, DeepChem, AutoDock Vina | Molecular I/O, descriptors, similarity, ADMET, virtual screening, reaction enumeration |
| liquid-biopsy | 6 | ichorCNA, fgbio, VarDict, FinaleToolkit | cfDNA preprocessing, fragmentomics, tumor fraction, ctDNA mutations, longitudinal monitoring |
| workflows | 35 | Various (workflow-specific) | End-to-end pipelines: RNA-seq, variants, ChIP-seq, scRNA-seq, spatial, Hi-C, proteomics, microbiome, CRISPR, metabolomics, multi-omics, immunotherapy, outbreak, metabolic modeling, splicing, liquid biopsy |
| proteomics | 9 | pyOpenMS, MSstats, limma, QFeatures | Mass spec data import, QC, quantification, differential abundance, PTM, DIA |
| microbiome | 6 | DADA2, phyloseq, ALDEx2, QIIME2 | 16S/ITS amplicon processing, taxonomy, diversity, differential abundance |
| multi-omics-integration | 4 | MOFA2, mixOmics, SNF | Cross-modality integration, factor analysis, network fusion |
| crispr-screens | 8 | MAGeCK, JACKS, CRISPResso2, BAGEL2 | Pooled screen analysis, sgRN